New histopathological and molecular findings in gynecological cancers
W. Glenn McCluggage
Abstract
This review covers significant developments in the pathological classification of gynecological tumors in recent years. Topics covered include The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Classification of endometrial carcinomas and how to incorporate this into routine reporting, the fact that most synchronous endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas represent metastasis from the endometrium to the ovary, and the important subject of lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial carcinomas. The categorization of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and adenocarcinomas and vulval and vaginal SCCs into prognostically meaningful HPV-associated and HPV-independent types is also discussed. Some "newly" described tumor types are covered, including endometrial and ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas, STK11 adnexal tumors, and a number of uterine mesenchymal neoplasms associated with specific molecular abnormalities. Important molecular events in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and other rare adnexal neoplasms are also discussed.