High‐Efficiency Carbon‐based CsPbI<sub>2</sub>Br Perovskite Solar Cells from Dual Direction Thermal Diffusion Treatment with Cadmium Halides
Xiaosong Qiu, Yuan Xu, Ruoshui Li, Yu Jing, Zhongliang Yan, Fengli Liu, Liyu Wu, Yong-Sheng Tu, Jialiang Shi, Zhenbo Du, Jihuai Wu, Zhang Lan
Abstract
Abstract In recent years, carbon‐based CsPbI 2 Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more attention due to their low cost and good stability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon‐based CsPbI 2 Br PSCs is still no more than 16%, because of the defects in CsPbI 2 Br or at the interface with the electron transport layer (ETL), as well as the energy level mismatch, which lead to the loss of energy, thus limiting PCE values. Herein, a series of cadmium halides are introduced, including CdCl 2 , CdBr 2 and CdI 2 for dual direction thermal diffusion treatment. Some Cd 2+ ions thermally diffuse downward to passivate the defects inside or on the surface of SnO 2 ETL. Meanwhile, the energy level structure of SnO 2 ETL is adjusted, which is in favor of the transfer of electron carriers and blocking holes. On the other hand, part of Cd 2+ and Cl − ions thermally diffuse upward into the CsPbI 2 Br lattice to passivate crystal defects. Through dual direction thermal diffusion treatment by CdCl 2 , CdI 2 and CdBr 2 , the performance of devices has been significantly improved, and their PCE has been increased from 13.01% of the original device to 14.47%, 14.31%, and 13.46%, respectively. According to existing reports, 14.47% is one of the highest PCE of carbon‐based CsPbI 2 Br PSCs with SnO 2 ETLs.