Observation and control of the weak topological insulator state in ZrTe5
Peng Zhang, Ryo Noguchi, Kenta Kuroda, Chun Lin, Kaishu Kawaguchi, Koichiro Yaji, Ayumi Harasawa, Mikk Lippmaa, Simin Nie, Hongming Weng, V. Kandyba, A. Giampietri, A. Barinov, Qiang Li, G. D. Gu, Shik Shin, Takeshi Kondo
Abstract
Abstract A quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator hosts topological states at the one-dimensional (1D) edge, along which backscattering by nonmagnetic impurities is strictly prohibited. Its 3D analogue, a weak topological insulator (WTI), possesses similar quasi-1D topological states confined at side surfaces. The enhanced confinement could provide a route for dissipationless current and better advantages for applications relative to strong topological insulators (STIs). However, the topological side surface is usually not cleavable and is thus hard to observe. Here, we visualize the topological states of the WTI candidate ZrTe 5 by spin and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES): a quasi-1D band with spin-momentum locking was revealed on the side surface. We further demonstrate that the bulk band gap is controlled by external strain, realizing a more stable WTI state or an ideal Dirac semimetal (DS) state. The highly directional spin-current and the tunable band gap in ZrTe 5 will provide an excellent platform for applications.