Geometry of the charge density wave in the kagome metal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Sb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
H. Miao, Haoxiang Li, William R. Meier, Amanda Huon, Ho Nyung Lee, Ayman Said, Hechang Lei, Brenden R. Ortiz, Stephen D. Wilson, Jia‐Xin Yin, M. Zahid Hasan, Ziqiang Wang, Hengxin Tan, Binghai Yan
Abstract
Kagome lattice is a fertile platform for topological and intertwined electronic excitations. Recently, experimental evidence of an unconventional charge density wave (CDW) is observed in a ${Z}_{2}$ kagome metal ${A\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{5}$ $(A=\text{K}, \mathrm{Cs}, \mathrm{Rb})$. This observation triggers wide interest in the interplay between frustrated crystal structure and Fermi surface instabilities. Here, we analyze the lattice effect and its impact on CDW in ${A\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{5}$. Based on published experimental data, we show that the $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ CDW breaks the sixfold rotational symmetry of the crystal due to the phase shift between kagome layers and can explain the twofold symmetric CDW peak intensity observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The coupling between the lattice and electronic degrees of freedom yields a weak first-order structural transition without continuous change of lattice dynamics. Our result emphasizes the fundamental role of lattice geometry in proper understanding of unconventional electronic orders in ${A\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{5}$.