Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes with Field-aligned Flows via the PSP In Situ Observations
Yu Chen, Qiang Hu, Lingling Zhao, Justin C. Kasper, Jia Huang
Abstract
Abstract Magnetic flux rope, formed by the helical magnetic field lines, can sometimes maintain its shape while carrying significant plasma flow that is aligned with the local magnetic field. We report the existence of such structures and static flux ropes by applying the Grad-Shafranov-based algorithm to the Parker Solar Probe in situ measurements in the first five encounters. These structures are detected at heliocentric distances, ranging from 0.13 to 0.66 au, in a 4-month time period. We find that flux ropes with field-aligned flows, although they occur more frequently, have certain properties similar to those of static flux ropes, such as the decaying relations of the magnetic fields within structures with respect to heliocentric distances. Moreover, these events are more likely with magnetic pressure dominating over the thermal pressure. About one-third of events are detected in the relatively fast solar wind. Taking into account the high Alfvénicity, we also compare with switchback spikes identified during three encounters and interpret their interrelations. We find that some switchbacks can be detected when the spacecraft traverses flux-rope-like structures. The cross-section maps for selected events are presented via the new Grad-Shafranov-type reconstruction. Finally, the possible evolution of the magnetic flux rope structures in the inner heliosphere is discussed.