State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics
Roozbeh Ghaffari, Da Som Yang, Joohee Kim, Amer Mansour, John A. Wright, Jeffrey B. Model, Donald E. Wright, John A. Rogers, Tyler R. Ray
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.