Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for Advanced Sarcoma
Víctor Albarrán, María Villamayor, Javier Pozas, Jesús Chamorro, Diana Isabel Rosero, María San Román, Patricia Guerrero, P. Pérez de Aguado, J.C. Calvo, Coral García de Quevedo, Carlos González, María Ángeles Vaz
Abstract
There is substantial heterogeneity between different subtypes of sarcoma regarding their biological behavior and microenvironment, which impacts their responsiveness to immunotherapy. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma show higher immunogenicity and better responses to checkpoint inhibitors. Combination strategies adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy and/or tyrosine-kinase inhibitors globally seem superior to single-agent schemes. Therapeutic vaccines and different forms of adoptive cell therapy, mainly engineered TCRs, CAR-T cells and TIL therapy, are emerging as new forms of immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors. Tumor lymphocytic infiltration and other prognostic and predictive biomarkers are under research.