Novel Insight into the Cellular and Molecular Signalling Pathways on Cancer Preventing Effects of<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i>: A Review
Raihana Yasmin, Sangeeta Gogoi, Jumi Bora, Arijit Chakraborty, Susmita Dey, Ghazal Ghaziri, S. K. Bhattacharjee, Laishram Hemchandra Singh
Abstract
(HS) plant, including anthocyanin, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, organic acids, caffeic acids, citric acids, protocatechuic acid, and others, extracts of this plant have been reported to have anti-cancer effects. These compounds have been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and cause cell cycle arrest. They also increase the expression levels of the cell cycle inhibitors (p53, p21, and p27) and the pro-apoptotic proteins (BAD, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8, and caspase 9). This review highlights various intracellular signalling pathways involved in cancer preventive potential of HS.