Genome editing in the mouse brain with minimally immunogenic Cas9 RNPs
Elizabeth C. Stahl, Jennifer K. Sabo, Min Hyung Kang, Ryan Allen, Elizabeth Applegate, Shineui Kim, Yoonjin Kwon, Anmol Seth, Nicholas Lemus, Viviana Salinas-Rios, Katarzyna M. Soczek, Marena Trinidad, Linda T. Vo, Chris Jeans, Anna Woźniak, Timothy Morris, Athen Kimberlin, Thomas L. Foti, David F. Savage, Jennifer A. Doudna
Abstract
Transient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the central nervous system (CNS) for therapeutic genome editing could avoid limitations of viral vector-based delivery including cargo capacity, immunogenicity, and cost. Here, we tested the ability of cell-penetrant Cas9 RNPs to edit the mouse striatum when introduced using a convection-enhanced delivery system. These transient Cas9 RNPs showed comparable editing of neurons and reduced adaptive immune responses relative to one formulation of Cas9 delivered using AAV serotype 9. The production of ultra-low endotoxin Cas9 protein manufactured at scale further improved innate immunity. We conclude that injection-based delivery of minimally immunogenic CRISPR genome editing RNPs into the CNS provides a valuable alternative to virus-mediated genome editing.