Mortality and readmission rates among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with varying stages of chronic kidney disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort
Brent Appelman, Jetta J. Oppelaar, Lani Broeders, W. Joost Wiersinga, Hessel Peters‐Sengers, Liffert Vogt, the CovidPredict Study Group, Brent Appelman, Michiel Schinkel, David Buis, Kim Sigaloff, Paul Elbers, Daisy Rusch, Auke C. Reidinga, Hazra S. Moeniralam, Caroline E. Wyers, Joop P. van den Bergh, Suat Şimşek, Bastiaan van Dam, Niels C. van den Gritters, Nejma Bokhizzou, Kees Brinkman, Martijn D. de Kruif, Tom Dormans, Renée Douma, Lianne R. de Haan, Tsz Yeung Fung, Martijn Beudel
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a highly prevalent risk factor for both the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 associated adverse outcomes. In this multicenter observational cohort study, we aim to determine mortality and readmission rates of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 across varying CKD stages. We performed a multicenter cohort study among COVID-19 patients included in the Dutch COVIDPredict cohort. The cohort consists of hospitalized patients from March 2020 until July 2021 with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or a highly suspected CT scan-based infection with a CORADS score ≥ 4. A total of 4151 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included of who 389 had a history of CKD before admission. After adjusting for all confounding covariables, in patients with CKD stage 3a, stage 3b, stage 4 and patients with KTX (kidney transplantation), odds ratios of death and readmission compared to patients without CKD ranged from 1.96 to 8.94. We demonstrate an evident increased 12-week mortality and readmission rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Besides justified concerns for kidney transplant patients, clinicians should also be aware of more severe COVID-19 outcomes and increased vulnerability in CKD patients.