Supercritical-Assisted Ball-Milling Synthesis of Multicomponent Si/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/C Composites for Outstanding Lithium-Storage Capability
Liuyi Hu, Zhihang Lu, Fei Chen, Jun Zhang, Yang Xia, Wenkui Zhang, Yongping Gan, Xinping He, Wenlong Song, Hui Huang
Abstract
Attributed to high theoretical capacity and abundant reserves, Si/C anodes have been commercialized in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the shortcomings of poor interfacial compatibility, low rate performance, and bad stability remain to be overcome. In this paper, a facile method for the synthesis of silicon/iron oxide/carbon (Si/Fe 3 O 4 /C) composites by ball-milling in a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) fluid medium is proposed. This method utilizes the diffusion characteristics, extremely low viscosity, and excellent mass transfer properties of supercritical fluids. Under the infiltration of an scCO 2 fluid, mesophase carbon microspheres (MCMB) are exfoliated into graphite flakes and achieve good interfacial fusion with silicon and Prussian blue during ball-milling. The Prussian blue is transformed into Fe 3 O 4 by subsequent heat treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere, and Fe 3 O 4 introduced in this way enhances the lithium-storage capacity, cycling stability, and rate performance significantly of Si/C anodes. As an anode for LIBs, the reversible capacity of Si/Fe 3 O 4 /C reaches 1363 mA h g –1 after 600 cycles at 1 A g –1 . This study provides an idea for the design and fabrication of Si-based anode materials with high capacity and long cycle life.