Design and construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source
H. S. Chen, Yuanbai Chen, Yuanbai Chen, Shinian Fu, Li Ma, Sheng Wang, Fuqing Chen, Yanwei Chen, Yanwei Chen, Haiyi Dong, Lan Dong, Guang Feng, Jun Gu, Lunhua He, Kun He, Wei He, Chunming Hu, Jinshu Huang, Quan Ji, Xuejun Jia, Dapeng Jin, Ling Kang, Wen Kang, Tianjiao Liang, Guopin Lin, Huachang Liu, Jian Li, Huafu Ouyang, F. Z. Qi, Xin Qi, Huamin Qu, Hong Sun, Zhijia Sun, Lianguan Shen, Jingyu Tang, Juzhou Tao, Fangwei Wang, Linshu Wang, Ping Wang, Qingbin Wang, Yaoqing Wu, Jiwei Xi, Taoguang Xu, Wen Yin, Bingyun Zhang, Jing Zhang, Junrong Zhang, Shaoying Zhang, Jingshi Zhao, Luyang Zhao, Yubin Zhao, Min Zhou, Tao Zhu, J. Zhuang
Abstract
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is designed and constructed by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The construction of CSNS includes an 80-MeV Linac, a 1.6-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), two beam transport lines, a solid target station of 100 kW, three initial neutron instruments and other utility facilities. Based on limited funding and lack of experience in the high-power proton accelerator and the spallation target, the CSNS design was optimized to an advanced user faculty to fulfill the urgent user demand, with a high performance/cost ratio, and to have the capability for the CSNS phase two project (CSNS-II) to increase the beam power to 500 kW with less investment. The CSNS construction started in October 2011, and finished in March 2018 on schedule, and reached the acceptance parameters. Since then, CSNS has been operating efficiently and stably. In March 2024, the proton beam power on the target was increased to 160 kW. More than 1700 user experiments have been carried out so far, indicating a strong user demand. The design, construction and commissioning of CSNS are presented in this paper.