The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Frank J. Qu, Blake D. Sherwin, N. MacCrann, Yaqiong Li, Irene Abril-Cabezas, P. A. R. Ade, Simone Aiola, Tommy Alford, M. Amiri, Stefania Amodeo, Rui An, Zachary Atkins, Jason E. Austermann, Nicholas Battaglia, E. S. Battistelli, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Benjamin Beringue, Tanay Bhandarkar, Emily Biermann, Boris Bolliet, J. Richard Bond, Hongbo Cai, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, Valentina Capalbo, Felipe Carrero, A. Challinor, Grace E. Chesmore, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Steve K. Choi, Susan E. Clark, Rodrigo Córdova Rosado, Nicholas F. Cothard, Kevin Coughlin, William R. Coulton, Kevin T. Crowley, Roohi Dalal, Omar Darwish, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dicker, Peter Doze, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, J. Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Valentina Fanfani, Max Fankhanel, Gerrit S. Farren, Simone Ferraro, Rodrigo Freundt, Brittany Fuzia, Patricio A. Gallardo, X. Garrido, Jahmour J. Givans, Vera Gluscevic, Joseph E. Golec, Yilun Guan, Kirsten Hall, M. Halpern, Dongwon Han, I. Harrison, Matthew Hasselfield, Erin Healy, Shawn Henderson, Brandon S. Hensley, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, J. Colin Hill, G. C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Renée Hložek, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Zachary B. Huber, Johannes Hubmayr, K. M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, K. D. Irwin, Giovanni Isopi, Hidde T. Jense, Ben Keller, Joshua Kim, Kenda Knowles, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, Darby Kramer, Aleksandra Kusiak, Adrien La Posta, Alex Laguë, Victoria Lakey, Eunseong Lee, Zack Li, M. Limon, Martine Lokken, Thibaut Louis, Marius Lungu, Amanda MacInnis, Diego Maldonado
Abstract
Abstract We present cosmological constraints from a gravitational lensing mass map covering 9400 deg 2 reconstructed from measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2017 to 2021. In combination with measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations and big bang nucleosynthesis, we obtain the clustering amplitude σ 8 = 0.819 ± 0.015 at 1.8% precision, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≡</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.840</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.028</mml:mn> </mml:math> , and the Hubble constant H 0 = (68.3 ± 1.1) km s −1 Mpc −1 at 1.6% precision. A joint constraint with Planck CMB lensing yields σ 8 = 0.812 ± 0.013, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≡</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.831</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.023</mml:mn> </mml:math> , and H 0 = (68.1 ± 1.0) km s −1 Mpc −1 . These measurements agree with ΛCDM extrapolations from the CMB anisotropies measured by Planck. We revisit constraints from the KiDS, DES, and HSC galaxy surveys with a uniform set of assumptions and find that S 8 from all three are lower than that from ACT+Planck lensing by levels ranging from 1.7 σ to 2.1 σ . This motivates further measurements and comparison, not just between the CMB anisotropies and galaxy lensing but also between CMB lensing probing z ∼ 0.5–5 on mostly linear scales and galaxy lensing at z ∼ 0.5 on smaller scales. We combine with CMB anisotropies to constrain extensions of ΛCDM, limiting neutrino masses to ∑ m ν < 0.13 eV (95% c.l.), for example. We describe the mass map and related data products that will enable a wide array of cross-correlation science. Our results provide independent confirmation that the universe is spatially flat, conforms with general relativity, and is described remarkably well by the ΛCDM model, while paving a promising path for neutrino physics with lensing from upcoming ground-based CMB surveys.