Stress hyperglycemia is associated with futile recanalization in patients with anterior large vessel occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Giovanni Merlino, Michele Romoli, Raffaele Ornello, Matteo Foschi, Caterina Del Regno, Francesco Toraldo, Alessandro Marè, Francesco Cordici, Alessio Trosi, Marco Longoni, Fedra Kuris, Yan Tereshko, Simone Lorenzut, Carolina Gentile, Francesco Janes, Francesco Bax, Massimo Sponza, Vladimir Gavrilovic, Soma Banerjee, Simona Sacco, Gian Luigi Gigli, Lucio D’Anna, Mariarosaria Valente
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO). Despite successful recanalization, some patients remain disabled after 3 months. Mechanisms that can cause futile recanalization (FR) are still largely unknown. We investigated if stress hyperglycemia might be associated with FR. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with successful recanalization treated in four participating centers between January 2021 and December 2022. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) status at 3 months, patients were divided into two groups: FR, if mRS score >2, and useful recanalization (UR), if mRS score ⩽2. Stress hyperglycemia was estimated by the glucose-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio (GAR) index. Results: A total of 691 subjects were included. At 3 months, 403 patients (58.3%) were included in the FR group, while the remaining 288 patients (41.7%) were included in the UR group. At the multivariate analysis, variables independently associated with FR were the following: age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, p < 0.001), GAR index (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.14, p = 0.003), NIHSS at admission (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.22; p < 0.001), and procedure length (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p = 0.009). We observed that the model combining age, GAR index, NIHSS at admission, and procedure length had good predictive accuracy (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.81). Conclusions: Stress hyperglycemia predicts FR in patients with successful recanalization after MT. Further studies should explore if managing stress hyperglycemia may reduce futile recanalization. Additionally, we recommend paying close attention to AIS patients with a GAR index greater than 24.8 who exhibit a high risk of FR.