Socioeconomic Factors and Health Status Disparities Associated with Difficulty in ADLs and IADLs among Long-Lived Populations in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
Júlia Cristina Leite Nóbrega, Juliana Barbosa Medeiros, Tácila Thamires de Melo Santos, Saionara Açucena Vieira Alves, Javanna Lacerda Gomes da Silva Freitas, Jaíza M. M. Silva, Raisa Fernandes Mariz Simões, Alisson De Lima Brito, Mathias Weller, Jair Lício de Ferreira Santos, Tarciana Nobre de Menezes, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte, Mayana Zatz, David Matheson, Silvana Santos
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors, health status, and Functional Capacity (FC) in the oldest senior citizens in a metropolis and a poor rural region of Brazil. METHOD: survey. FC assessed by self-reporting of difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using "R" statistical software. RESULTS: Socioeconomic and demographic inequalities in Brazil can influence FC in seniors aged 80 years and older. Comparatively, urban long-lived people had a higher prevalence of difficulties for ADLs and rural ones showed more difficulties for IADLs. Among urban oldest seniors, female gender and lower-income were correlated with difficulties for IADLs. Among rural oldest seniors, female gender, stroke, joint disease, and inadequate weight independently were correlated with difficulties for ADLs, while the number of chronic diseases was associated with difficulties for IADLs. CONCLUSION: Financial constraints may favor the development of functional limitations among older seniors in large urban centers. In poor rural areas, inadequate nutritional status and chronic diseases may increase their susceptibility to functional decline.