Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Prostate Cancer Cells to Release Exosome and Up-regulate PD-L1 Expression via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Macrophages
Wei Xu, Mei-Yi Lu, Siqi Xie, Dangui Zhou, Mei Zhu, Chang Yin Liang
Abstract
< 0.05). TG-EXO upregulated the expression levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β cytokinesin macrophages. Our research shows that TG-EXO increased PI3K/AKT signaling pathway compared to the CON-EXO group. In summary, we found exosomes from TG-treated prostate cancer cells altered the immunosupression status and affected macrophages polarization by up-regulating the expression of PD-L1 and inflammatory factors and PI3K/AKT pathway.
Topics & Concepts
Macrophage polarizationPI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayMicrovesiclesExosomeEndoplasmic reticulumCell biologyProtein kinase BCancer researchTumor microenvironmentMacrophageProstate cancerChemistryCytokineM2 MacrophageFlow cytometryTumor necrosis factor alphaDownregulation and upregulationSignal transductionMedicineBiologymicroRNAImmunologyInternal medicineCancerBiochemistryIn vitroTumor cellsGeneExtracellular vesicles in diseaseInflammasome and immune disordersPhagocytosis and Immune Regulation