InParanoiDB 9: Ortholog Groups for Protein Domains and Full-Length Proteins

Abstract

Prediction of orthologs is an important bioinformatics pursuit that is frequently used for inferring protein function and evolutionary analyses. The InParanoid database is a well known resource of ortholog predictions between a wide variety of organisms. Although orthologs have historically been inferred at the level of full-length protein sequences, many proteins consist of several independent protein domains that may be orthologous to domains in other proteins in a way that differs from the full-length protein case. To be able to capture all types of orthologous relations, conventional full-length protein orthologs can be complemented with orthologs inferred at the domain level. We here present InParanoiDB 9, covering 640 species and providing orthologs for both protein domains and full-length proteins. InParanoiDB 9 was built using the faster InParanoid-DIAMOND algorithm for orthology analysis, as well as Domainoid and Pfam to infer orthologous domains. InParanoiDB 9 is based on proteomes from 447 eukaryotes, 158 bacteria and 35 archaea, and includes over one billion predicted ortholog groups. A new website has been built for the database, providing multiple search options as well as visualization of groups of orthologs and orthologous domains. This release constitutes a major upgrade of the InParanoid database in terms of the number of species as well as the new capability to operate on the domain level. InParanoiDB 9 is available at https://inparanoidb.sbc.su.se/.

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