Cartilage compositional MRI—a narrative review of technical development and clinical applications over the past three decades
Xiaojuan Li, Jeehun Kim, Mingrui Yang, Ahmet H. Ok, Štefan Zbýň, Thomas M. Link, S. Majumdar, C. Benjamin, Kurt P. Spindler, Carl S. Winalski
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage and degeneration are among hallmark manifestations of joint injuries and arthritis, classically osteoarthritis. Cartilage compositional MRI (Cart-C MRI), a quantitative technique, which aims to detect early-stage cartilage matrix changes that precede macroscopic alterations, began development in the 1990s. However, despite the significant advancements over the past three decades, Cart-C MRI remains predominantly a research tool, hindered by various technical and clinical hurdles. This paper will review the technical evolution of Cart-C MRI, delve into its clinical applications, and conclude by identifying the existing gaps and challenges that need to be addressed to enable even broader clinical application of Cart-C MRI.