Achieving no evidence of disease activity-3 in highly active multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine and monoclonal antibodies
Ricardo Alonso, Magdalena Casas, Luciana Lazaro, Nora Fernández Liguori, Cecilia Pita, Leila Cohen, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Agustín Pappolla, Liliana Patrucco, Edgardo Cristiano, Marcos Burgos, Cárlos Vrech, Raúl Piedrabuena, Pablo A. López, Norma Deri, Geraldine Luetic, Jimena Míguez, Mariela Cabrera, Alejandra Martínez, Gisela Zanga, Verónica Tkachuk, Santiago Tizio, Edgar Carnero Contentti, Eduardo Knorre, Felisa Leguizamón, Carolina Mainella, Pedro Nofal, Susana Liwacki, Javier Hryb, María Laura Menichini, Claudia Pestchanker, Marina Alonso, Orlando Garcea, Berenice Silva
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the proportion of highly active multiple sclerosis patients under high-efficacy therapies (HETs) achieve no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3) at 1 and 2 years, and to identify factors associated with failing to meet no evidence of disease activity 3 at 2 years. Methods This retrospective cohort study based on Argentina Multiple Sclerosis patient registry (RelevarEM), includes highly active multiple sclerosis patients who received HETs. Results In total, 254 (78.51%) achieved NEDA-3 at year 1 and 220 (68.12%) achieved NEDA-3 at year 2. Patients who achieved NEDA-3 at 2 years had a shorter duration of multiple sclerosis ( p < 0.01) and a shorter time between first treatment and current treatment ( p = 0.01). Early high-efficacy strategy patients reached NEDA-3 more frequently ( p < 0.01). Being a naïve patient (odds ratio: 3.78, 95% confidence interval 1.50–9.86, p < 0.01) was an independent predictor to reach NEDA-3 at 2 years. No association was found between type of HETs and NEDA-3 at 2 years when adjusted for potential confounders (odds ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval 0.51–6.06, p 0.57). Conclusion We found a high proportion of patients who achieved NEDA-3 at 1 and 2 years. Early high-efficacy strategy patients had a higher probability of achieving NEDA-3 at 2 years.