Improved barrier properties of biodegradable <scp>PBAT</scp> films for packaging applications using <scp>EVOH</scp>: Morphology, permeability, biodegradation, and mechanical properties
Mehdi Elhamnia, Ghodratollah Hashemi Motlagh, Seyed Hassan Jafari
Abstract
Abstract Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were improved by poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH). PBAT/EVOH blends at varying amounts of EVOH were prepared through melt mixing and characterized by OTR, WVTR, SEM, DSC, FTIR, biodegradation in soil, hydrolytic degradation, and tensile tests. EVOH considerably improved the barrier properties of PBAT, example, 77% reduction in OTR and 40% reduction in WVTR at 50 wt% EVOH. Four models of Maxwell, Higuchi, Chiew & Glandt, and Levy were used to evaluate morphology and mechanism of transmission. A high elongation at break of 730% was observed for PBAT/EVOH blends up to 20 wt% EVOH but after that it severely dropped to 350% due to limited compatibility between the two polymers. Limited hydrogen bonding between PBAT and EVOH was observed by FTIR. EVOH accelerated the hydrolytic degradation of PBAT due to its high‐water absorption capacity. This was not observed for biodegradation in soil suggesting that EVOH may retard microbial activity. After 540 h of hydrolytic degradation, the melting point and crystallization temperature of remaining PBAT increased by 5 and 10°C due to more degradation in adipate rubbery domains and less degradation in terephthalate hard segments.