Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) Immunotherapy for Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation: A Report of Three Cases
Ouissam Al Jarroudi, Ayhan Ulusakarya, Wathek Almohamad, Saïd Afqir, Jean‐François Morère
Abstract
The treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation is difficult due to the lack of effective treatment options. The available evidence on the emerging immunotherapy in liver transplantation is based on anecdotal experiences and requires additional investigations. To determine the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in liver transplant recipients, we report three cases of recurrent metastatic HCC after liver transplantation who were treated with nivolumab as off-label salvage therapy.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineHepatocellular carcinomaNivolumabImmunotherapyLiver transplantationTransplantationOncologyInternal medicineCarcinomaGastroenterologyCancerCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisImmune Cell Function and Interaction