The Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Marker of Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Sonar Soni Panigoro, Noorwati Sutandyo, Fiastuti Witjaksono, Nurjati Chairani Siregar, Ramadhan Ramli, Ririn Hariani, Eko Adhi Pangarsa, Yan Wisnu Prajoko, Niken Puruhita, William Hamdani, Dimas Bayu, Mardiana Madjid, Dedy Yulidar, Jane Estherina Fransiska, Retno Widyawati, Effif Syofra Tripriadi, Wiwit Ade F. W., Dewi Krisna Yunda, Raymond Pranata
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate the association and dose-response between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and breast cancer. Method This is a multicenter case-control study conducted in six public referral hospitals in Indonesia. Cases are individuals aged 19 years or above who were diagnosed with breast cancer within 1 year of diagnosis, based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Controls were recruited from corresponding hospitals. TyG index was determined by the formula: ln (fasting TG [mg/dl] × fasting glucose [mg/dl]). Results There were 212 participants in the breast cancer group and 212 participants in the control group. TyG index was higher in patients with breast cancer (median 8.65 [7.38, 10.9] vs. 8.30 [7.09, 10.84], p < 0.001). When compared with TyG quartile of Q1, Q4 was associated with an OR of 2.42 (1.77, 3.31), p < 0.001, Q3 was associated with an OR of 1.53 (1.21, 1.93), p < 0.001, Q2 was associated with an OR of 1.39 (1.12, 1.73), p = 0.002 for the risk of breast cancer. The dose-response relationship was nonlinear ( p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, smoking (OR 2.15 [1.44, 3.22], p < 0.001), use of contraception (1.73 [1.15, 2.60], p = 0.008), alcohol consumption (OR 2.04 [0.96, 4.35], p = 0.064), and TyG Index >8.87 (OR 3.08 [1.93, 4.93], p < 0.001) were associated with risk of breast cancer. Independently associated with increased risk of breast cancer included smoking (OR 1.93 [1.23, 3.01], p = 0.004), use of contraception (OR 1.59 [1.02, 2.48], p = 0.039), and TyG Index >8.87 (OR 2.93 [1.72, 4.98], p < 0.001) Conclusion TyG index was associated with breast cancer in a nonlinear dose-response fashion.