A Comprehensive Review on E-Waste Management Strategies and Prediction Methods: A Saudi Arabia Perspective
Hatim Madkhali, Salahaldeen Duraib, Linh Nguyen, Mukesh Prasad, Manu Sharma, S. K. Joshi
Abstract
Electronic waste generation is increasing dramatically throughout the world. Consequently, this increase in E-waste harms the environment, health, and other aspects of human life. Moreover, hazardous substances and the informal disposal of E-waste severely threaten human health and the environment. Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country in terms of electronic waste generation and is the Arab country that generates the most E-waste. Over the past few decades, several initiatives and policy implementations have been undertaken in the country. However, the management of E-waste is still a source of distress and an unresolved issue. Sustainable development requires much more effort, primarily efficient E-waste management, which can only be achieved by establishing a formal collection system, early forecasting, and accurate estimations. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fundamental and emerging trends in E-waste production worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to summarize the hazardous elements present in E-waste, their dangerous effects, and the economic potential for recycling E-waste as a means of developing sustainable communities. This study explores the practices regarding efficient E-waste management and E-waste estimation and prediction globally, specifically in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. This study suggests that more than the use of a single management probe will be needed to achieve significant results. Instead, a complementary approach can be used to achieve the most effective results. Additionally, people should be aware of the importance of handling and recycling E-waste. This study emphasizes the importance of formal collection and documentation to ensure effective monitoring and sustainable development in any developed country.