Design, Synthesis, In Silico Testing, and In Vitro Evaluation of Thiazolidinone-Based Benzothiazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Shoaib Khan, Shahid Iqbal, Marwa Khan, Wajid Rehman, Mazloom Shah, Rafaqat Hussain, Liaqat Rasheed, Yousaf Khan, Ayed A. Dera, Rami Adel Pashameah, Eman Alzahrani, Abd‐ElAziem Farouk
Abstract
In this study, a stepwise reaction afforded thiazolidinone-based benzothiazole derivatives 1–15, and the synthesized derivatives were then screened for biological significance and found to be the leading candidates against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Almost all derivatives showed excellent to good activity ranging against α-amylase, IC50 = 2.10 ± 0.70 to 37.50 ± 0.70 μM, and α-glucosidase, IC50 = 3.20 ± 0.05 to 39.40 ± 0.80 μM. Some analogues such as 4 (2.40 ± 0.70 and 3.50 ± 0.70 μM), 5 (2.30 ± 0.05 and 4.80 ± 0.10 μM), and 6 (2.10 ± 0.70 and 3.20 ± 0.70 μM) were found with folds better activity than that of the standard drug acarbose (9.10 ± 0.10 and 10.70 ± 0.10 μM), respectively. Moreover, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all compounds. A molecular docking study has been carried out to explore the binding interactions against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.