Electrochemically Induced Crystalline‐to‐Amorphous Transition of Dinuclear Polyoxovanadate for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Xiaolei Li, Zifeng Lin, Na Jin, Lei Sun, Xiaojiao Yang, Ying Liu
Abstract
Abstract Polyoxometalates are intriguing high‐capacity anode materials for alkali‐metal‐ion storage due to their multi‐electron redox capabilities and flexible structure. However, their poor electrical conductivity and high working voltage severely restrict their practical application. Herein, the dinuclear polyoxovanadate Sr 2 V 2 O 7 ·H 2 O with unusually high electrical conductivity is reported as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. During the initial lithiation process, the Sr 2 V 2 O 7 ·H 2 O anode experiences an electrochemically induced crystalline‐to‐amorphous transition. The resulting amorphous structure provides high redox activity and fast reaction kinetics via reversible V 4.9+ /V 2.8+ redox couple through the intercalation mechanism. Furthermore, when coupled with the LiFePO 4 cathode, the strong VO bonds of the amorphous anode provide excellent structural stability, with the full‐cell capable of performing >12 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 72%. Another advantage of Sr 2 x V 2 O 7‐ δ · y H 2 O (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) is its composition adjustability, which enables delicately regulating the Sr vacancy content without destroying the structure. The defect Sr 2 x V 2 O 7‐ δ · y H 2 O ( x = 0.5) electrodes show significantly improved specific capacity and rate capability without sacrificing other key properties, delivering a high specific capacity of 479 mAh g ‐1 at 0.1 mA cm ‐2 and 41.9% of its capacity in 2 min. Overall, the preliminary study points the way forward for the facile preparation of high‐quality polyoxometalates for advanced energy storage applications and beyond.