Astroglial functions
Alexei Verkhratsky, Arthur M. Butt
Abstract
Astroglial cells are fundamental for the most basic functions of the central nervous system, which define its development, maintenance, survival and operation. Astroglia are the key element of the brain barriers, production and turnover of the cerebrospinal fluid, and ionostasis of the brain extracellular space. Astrocytes maintain the function of the glymphatic system responsible from the removal of cellular waste. Astrocytes are an indispensable part of the brain synaptic networks, controlling synaptogenesis, synaptic maintenance and synaptic elimination, through the astroglial synaptic cradle. Finally, astrocytic morphological and functional plasticity are critical elements for plastic remodelling of neuronal ensembles, this being critical for learning, memory and behaviour.