Ionic Liquid-Mediated Recovery of Carotenoids from the <i>Bactris gasipaes</i> Fruit Waste and Their Application in Food-Packaging Chitosan Films
Leonardo M. de Souza Mesquita, Margarida Martins, Élia Maricato, Cláudia Nunes, Paula Quinteiro, Ana Cláudia Dias, João A. P. Coutinho, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Sónia P. M. Ventura
Abstract
In this work, a process for the extraction and purification of carotenoids from the fruit Bactris gasipaes was developed. Ethanolic and aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs) and surfactants were evaluated on the extraction of these pigments. Thus, we developed an optimized sustainable downstream process mediated by the best solvent with further isolation of the carotenoids and the recyclability of the IL used. The process was characterized not only in terms of efficiency but also regarding its environmental impact. The recyclability of the solvents as well as the high efficiency (maximum yield of extraction of carotenoids = 88.7 ± 0.9 μgcarotenoids·gdried biomass–1) and the low environmental impact of the integrated process developed in this work were demonstrated. In the end, in order to incorporate functional activity for an alternative food-packaging material, carotenoids were successfully applied on the preparation of chitosan-based films with excellent results regarding their mechanical parameters and antioxidant activity.