Fisetin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammatory Responses in Macrophage
Yoshiko Hada, Haruhito A. Uchida, Jun Wada
Abstract
Several studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenols in human health; however, the verification of their efficacy remains insufficient. The aim of this study was to examine whether fisetin, one of flavonoids prevalently present in fruits and vegetables, could suppress lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. LPS increased proinflammatory mRNA abundance (MCP 1, IL‐1 β , and iNOS) but were suppressed by fisetin. The increment of nitric oxide by LPS, an oxidative stress factor, was attenuated by fisetin. In addition, LPS‐enhanced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK and JNK) was reduced. Finally, fisetin attenuated the expression or activity of uPA, uPAR, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9, which are known as associated factors of macrophage recruitment or infiltration. In conclusion, fisetin is a promising therapeutic agent for macrophage‐related inflammation diseases, like sepsis and atherosclerosis.