Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil during 2016–2019: Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives
Poliana de Oliveira Figueiredo, Ana Gabriella Stoffella-Dutra, Galileu Barbosa Costa, Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira, Carolina Dourado Amaral, Juliane Duarte Santos, Kamila Lorene Soares Rocha, João Pessoa Araújo, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Magno Augusto Zazá Borges, Adriano Pereira Paglia, A. Desirée LaBeaud, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Erna Geessien Kroon, Danilo Bretas de Oliveira, Betânia Paiva Drumond, Giliane de Souza Trindade
Abstract
(YFV), affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP). YF is endemic in South America and Africa, being considered a burden for public health worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine. Acute infectious disease can progress to severe hemorrhagic conditions and has high rates of morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. In 2016, Brazil started experiencing one of the most significant YF epidemics in its history, with lots of deaths being reported in regions that were previously considered free of the disease. Here, we reviewed the historical aspects of YF in Brazil, the epidemiology of the disease, the challenges that remain in Brazil's public health context, the main lessons learned from the recent outbreaks, and our perspective for facing future YF epidemics.