Preexisting Psychiatric Conditions as Risk Factors for Diagnosed Long COVID-19 Syndrome Within Aggregated Electronic Health Record Data
Lukas Bobak, Ian Dorney, Alexsandra Kovacevich, Brian S. Barnett, David C. Kaelber
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of long COVID diagnosis among patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with preexisting psychiatric conditions versus those without preexisting psychiatric conditions. METHODS: The TriNetX Analytics platform, an aggregated electronic health record research network containing the deidentified electronic health record data of more than 90 million patients, was queried for patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection based on International Classifications of Disease, Tenth Revision codes. Patients were stratified based on their preexisting psychiatric conditions, and new diagnoses of long COVID were recorded and reported as the primary outcome. RESULTS: Among 1,180,948 patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19, 17,990 patients (1.52%) were diagnosed with long COVID based on the newly implemented International Classifications of Disease, Tenth Revision code "U09: post-COVID-19 condition." After propensity score matching, patients with any preexisting psychiatric diagnosis had a 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47-1.58) times greater prevalence of diagnosed long COVID within 180 days of infection than patients without preexisting psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with diagnosed anxiety disorders (relative risk [RR] = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.57-1.71), mood disorders (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.57-1.72), bipolar disorder (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.21-1.54), major depressive disorder (RR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.56-1.83), psychotic disorders (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06-1.44), and substance use disorders (RR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.22-1.36) had higher risks for long COVID diagnoses when compared with patients without preexisting psychiatric illness at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple preexisting psychiatric diagnoses are associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with long COVID after COVID-19 infection.