The Role of the Kynurenine/AhR Pathway in Diseases Related to Metabolism and Cancer
Amir Shadboorestan, Meriem Koual, Julien Dairou, Xavier Coumoul
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a xenobiotic and endobiotic receptor, which regulates many cellular processes from contaminant metabolism to immunomodulation. Consequently, it is also involved in pathophysiological pathways and now represents a potential therapeutical target. In this review, we will highlight the ancestral function of the protein together with an illustration of its ligand's battery, emphasizing the different responses triggered by these high diverse molecules. Among them, several members of the kynurenine pathway (one key process of tryptophan catabolism) are AhR agonists and are subsequently involved in regulatory functions. We will finally display the interplay between Tryptophan (Trp) catabolism and dysregulation in metabolic pathways drawing hypothesis on the involvement of the AhR pathway in these cancer-related processes.