High‐speed counter‐current chromatography assisted preparative isolation of phenolic compounds from the flowers of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> cv. Fubaiju
Xiaowei Dong, Hongping Huang, Rong Wang, Shiyu Luo, Yahui Mi, Yu‐Qing Pan, Wei Shen, Jiamin Cui, Xiaolong Hu, Xuexiang Cheng, Xinhong Shi, Hao Wang
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju is rich in phenolic compounds with various benefits such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection. In this study, 12 phenolic compounds, including five flavonoid glycosides and seven quinic acid derivatives, were successfully separated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ethyl acetate‐ n ‐butanol–acetonitrile–water–acetic acid (5:0.5:2.5:5:0.25, v/v/v/v/v) was selected as solvent system to separate six fractions from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju, and 20% aqueous acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) was chosen to be the elution solvent in preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography for purifying the fractions above. Luteolin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐D‐glucoside ( 1 ), luteolin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐D‐glucuronide ( 2 ), apigenin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐D‐glucoside ( 3 ), luteolin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐D‐rutinoside ( 4 ), diosmetin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐D‐glucoside ( 5 ), chlorogenic acid ( 6 ), 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 7 ), 1,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 8 ), 3,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 9 ), 3,4‐dicaffeoyl‐epi‐quinic acid ( 10 ), 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 11 ), and 4,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ( 12 ) were isolated with purities all above 95%, respectively. In addition, all isolates were evaluated for their protective effects on H 2 O 2 ‐induced oxidative damage in adult retinal pigment epithelial cells.