An update on current type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) druggable targets and drugs targeting them
Prerna Uniyal, Surbhi Panwar, Akanksha Bhatt, Arockia Babu Marianesan, Roshan Kumar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Yogita Tyagi, Ganesh Bushi, Abhay Gaidhane, Bhupinder Kumar
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and affects millions of people globally. Even after advancement and development in medical science, it is a big task to achieve victory over type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM can be a reason for fatal events like stroke, cardiac failure, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Many advanced antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in the market in the past two decades, leading researchers to hunt for new target proteins and their potential modulators that can help develop newer antidiabetic drugs. This review article comprises a broad literature of the latest developments in the management of T2DM concerning new target proteins, their inhibitors, or drugs from the clinical arena employed for the successful management of symptoms of T2DM using mono, dual, or triple combination medication therapy. The review categorizes antidiabetic drugs into three general classes that include conventional drug targets, currently explored targets, and upcoming emerging targets. The review aims to merge information on the medicines affecting these targets, their mechanisms, followed by the chemical structures, and recent advancements.