Tin resonance-ionization schemes for atomic- and nuclear-structure studies
F. P. Gustafsson, C. M. Ricketts, Marten L. Reitsma, R. F. García Ruíz, Shiwei Bai, J. C. Berengut, J. Billowes, C. L. Binnersley, Anastasia Borschevsky, T. E. Cocolios, B. S. Cooper, R. P. de Groote, K. T. Flanagan, Á. Koszorús, G. Neyens, H. A. Perrett, A. R. Vernon, Quanjun Wang, S. G. Wilkins, X. F. Yang
Abstract
This paper presents high-precision spectroscopic measurements of atomic tin using five different resonance-ionization schemes performed with the collinear resonance-ionization spectroscopy technique. Isotope shifts were measured for the stable tin isotopes from the $5{s}^{2}5{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}^{3}{P}_{0,1,2}$ and ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ to the $5{s}^{2}5p6s\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}^{1}{P}_{1},^{3}{P}_{1,2}$ and $5{s}^{2}5p7s{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ atomic levels. The magnetic dipole hyperfine constants ${A}_{\mathrm{hf}}$ have been extracted for six atomic levels with electron angular momentum $J>0$ from the hyperfine structures of nuclear spin $I=1/2$ tin isotopes, $^{115,117,119}\mathrm{Sn}$. State-of-the-art atomic calculations using a relativistic Fock-space coupled-cluster method and the configuration interaction approach combined with many-body perturbation theory allow accurate and reliable calculations of both field- and mass-shift factors for the studied transitions, in addition to the hyperfine magnetic fields and electric-field gradients of the atomic levels. The excellent agreement with the experimental results highlights the accuracy of modern atomic theory and establishes an important foundation for precision measurements of nuclear moments and charge radii of the most exotic isotopes of tin.