Quantum flavor vacuum in the expanding universe: A possible candidate for cosmological dark matter?
Antonio Capolupo, Sante Carloni, Aniello Quaranta
Abstract
We analyze fermion mixing in the framework of field quantization in curved spacetime. We compute the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor of mixed fermions on the flavor vacuum. We consider spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metrics, and we show that the energy-momentum tensor of the flavor vacuum is diagonal and conserved. Therefore, it can be interpreted as the effective energy-momentum tensor of a perfect fluid. In particular, assuming a fixed de Sitter background, the equation of state of the fluid is consistent with that of dust and cold dark matter. Our results establish a new link between quantum effects and classical fluids, and indicate that the flavor vacuum of mixed fermions may represent a new component of dark matter.