Maleic acid as a dicarboxylic acid hydrotrope for sustainable fractionation of wood at atmospheric pressure and ≤100 °C: mode and utility of lignin esterification
Cheng Cai, Kolby Hirth, Rolland Gleisner, Hongming Lou, Xueqing Qiu, J. Y. Zhu
Abstract
Maleic acid for wood fractionation at atmospheric pressure to result in carboxylated lignin with minimal condensation, light color, and to facilitate processing of fractionated solids. 2D <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C HQSC and HMBC analyses confirmed lignin esterification.
Topics & Concepts
LigninFractionationMaleic acidChemistryAtmospheric pressureOrganic chemistryMaleic anhydrideCondensationNuclear chemistryPolymerCopolymerOceanographyGeologyThermodynamicsPhysicsLignin and Wood ChemistryAdvanced Cellulose Research StudiesPolymer composites and self-healing