Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced response and lower treatment persistence with TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
Sizheng Steven Zhao, Kira Rogers, Lianne Kearsley‐Fleet, Kath Watson, Ailsa Bosworth, James Galloway, Suzanne Verstappen, Darren Plant, BSRBR-RA Contributors Group, BRAGGSS Collaborators, Hill Gaston, D. Mulherin, T Price, Thomas Sheeran, V Chalam, Sivasubramanian Baskar, P Emery, A Morgan, MH Buch, Sarah Bingham, Siobhan Reilly, Louisa J Badcock, Marian Regan, T. Ding, Chris Deighton, Gregory D. Summers, N. Raj, Randall M. Stevens, Nicola Williams, John D. Isaacs, Philip Platt, Douglas G. Walker, Lesley Kay, Bethany E. Griffiths, Wan‐Fai Ng, Paul Peterson, Alice Lorenzi, Helen Foster, Mark Friswell, B Thompson, Michael Lee, I Griffiths, A Hassell, Piers Dawes, C Dowson, Sanjeet Kamath, Jon Packham, M F Shadforth, Ann Brownfield, Richard Williams, Chetan Mukhtyar, Beverley Harrison, Neil Snowden, Saima Naz, Joanna Ledingham, R G Hull, F McCrae, Audrey Alforque Thomas, Sang-Yeon Min, Ramon Z. Shaban, E Wong, Carol Kelly, C. Heycock, J. Hamilton, V. Saravanan, Gillian Wilson, Daniel V. Bax, Lisa Dunkley, M Akil, Rachel Tattersall, Rachael Kilding, Simon Till, J. Boulton, T Tait, Marwan Bukhari, Jim Halsey, L Ottewell, Christopher D. Buckley, Deva Situnayake, DOUGLAS G. CARRUTHERS, K A Grindulis, F Khatack, Srinivasa Elamanchi, Karim Raza, Andrew Filer, R. W. Jubb, Robert S. Abernathy, Michael Plant, Sanjay Pathare, Fiona Clarke, Stephen Tuck, J N Fordham, Alok Kumar Paul, M Bridges, Ando Fikri Hakim, D O hx Reilly, Vivek Rajagopal, Shweta Bhagat, C. J. Edwards, P. Prouse, R Moitra
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes following TNF inhibitor (TNFi) treatment. METHODS: Individuals commencing their first TNFi in the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA (BSRBR-RA) and Biologics in RA Genetics and Genomics Study Syndicate (BRAGGSS) cohort were included. Socioeconomic deprivation was proxied using the Index of Multiple Deprivation and categorized as 20% most deprived, middle 40% or 40% least deprived. DAS28-derived outcomes at 6 months (BSRBR-RA) and 3 months (BRAGGSS) were compared using regression models with the least deprived as referent. Risks of all-cause and cause-specific drug discontinuation were compared using Cox models in the BSRBR-RA. Additional analyses adjusted for lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, BMI) as potential mediators. RESULTS: 16 085 individuals in the BSRBR-RA were included (mean age 56 years, 76% female), of whom 18%, 41% and 41% were in the most, middle and least deprived groups, respectively. Of 3459 included in BRAGGSS (mean age 57, 77% female), proportions were 22%, 36% and 41%, respectively. The most deprived group had 0.3-unit higher 6-month DAS28 (95% CI 0.22, 0.37) and were less likely to achieve low disease activity (odds ratio [OR] 0.76; 95% CI 0.68, 0.84) in unadjusted models. Results were similar for 3-month DAS28 (β = 0.23; 95% CI 0.11, 0.36) and low disease activity (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63, 0.94). The most deprived were more likely to discontinue treatment (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% CI 1.12, 1.25), driven by ineffectiveness rather than adverse events. Adjusted estimates were generally attenuated. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced response to TNFi. Improvements in determinants of health other than lifestyle factors are needed to address socioeconomic inequities.