Field‐Based Estimation of Net Primary Productivity and Its Above‐ and Belowground Partitioning in Global Grasslands
Yuanfeng Sun, Yuhao Feng, Yupin Wang, Xia Zhao, Yuanhe Yang, Zhiyao Tang, Shaopeng Wang, Haojie Su, Jiangling Zhu, Jinfeng Chang, Jingyun Fang
Abstract
Abstract Net primary productivity (NPP) in global grasslands is a critical component of terrestrial carbon cycling and the primary source of food for herbivores. However, the size and spatial distribution of NPP across global grasslands remain unclear, especially for belowground NPP (BNPP), which limits our understanding of above‐ and belowground carbon cycling and the assessments of herbivore food security. Here, we compiled a comprehensive grassland NPP database with 1,467 field measurements to estimate the spatial distributions of aboveground NPP (ANPP), BNPP, total NPP (TNPP), and the fraction of BNPP ( f BNPP ) using the random forest (RF) model. The global mean grassland ANPP, BNPP, TNPP, and f BNPP were 433 ± 31 g m −2 yr −1 , 593 ± 47 g m −2 yr −1 , 979 ± 78 g m −2 yr −1 , and 0.54 ± 0.02, respectively. The total ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP over global grasslands were 6.84 ± 0.49, 9.36 ± 0.74, and 15.46 ± 1.23 Pg C yr −1 , respectively. ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP exhibited decreasing trends from low latitudes toward the poles. The spatial pattern of f BNPP was almost opposite to that of ANPP. Climate was a major determinant in shaping the spatial distribution of ANPP and TNPP, while soil and vegetation had significant impacts on that of BNPP and f BNPP . Our findings suggest that field data‐driven estimation of NPP using the RF model could be a useful approach for obtaining spatially explicit NPP of grasslands, particularly BNPP products, and that more attention should be paid on belowground and non‐climatic factors to better assess the carbon cycle in global grasslands.