Rapid synthesis of metastable materials for electrocatalysis
Qiao Chen, Zichao Xi, Ziyuan Xu, Minghui Ning, Huimin Yu, Yuanmiao Sun, Dawei Wang, Ali S. Alnaser, Huanyu Jin, Hui–Ming Cheng
Abstract
traditional equilibrium methods face challenges because of the requirements of high energy and precise structural control. In this regard, the rapid synthesis method (RSM), with high energy efficiency and ultra-fast heating/cooling rates, enables the production of metastable materials under non-equilibrium conditions. However, the relationship between RSM and the properties of metastable electrocatalysts remains largely unexplored. In this review, we systematically examine the unique benefits of various RSM techniques and the mechanisms governing the formation of metastable materials. Based on these insights, we establish a framework, linking RSM with the electrocatalytic performance of metastable materials. Finally, we outline the future directions of this emerging field and highlight the importance of high-throughput approaches for the autonomous screening and synthesis of optimal electrocatalysts. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of metastable electrocatalysts, opening up new avenues for both fundamental research and practical applications in electrocatalysis.