Virulence and Biofilms As Promising Targets in Developing Antipathogenic Drugs Against Candidiasis
M. S. Khan, Fatimah Alshehrei, Saleh Alghamdi, Majid A. Bamaga, Abdullah Safar Althubiani, Mohammad Zubair Alam
Abstract
Candida albicans has remained the main etiological agent of candidiasis, challenges clinicians with high mortality and morbidity. The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs, toxicity and lower efficacy have all contributed to an urgent need to develop alternative drugs aiming at novel targets in C. albicans. Targeting the production of virulence factors, which are essential processes for infectious agents, represents an attractive substitute for the development of newer anti-infectives. The present review highlights the recent developments made in the understanding of the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Production of hydrolytic enzymes, morphogenesis and biofilm formation, along with their molecular and metabolic regulation in Candida are discussed with regard to the development of novel antipathogenic drugs against candidiasis.