Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment
Ian A Yang, Christine R Jenkins, Sundeep S Salvi
Topics & Concepts
MedicineCOPDPulmonary diseaseIntensive care medicineAirwayRespiratory systemSocioeconomic statusObstructive lung diseaseDiseaseRespiratory diseasePathogenesisLungRisk factorInternal medicineRisk assessmentCigarette smokingEnvironmental healthEpidemiologySmoking cessationPhysical therapyChronic diseaseMEDLINETobacco smokeChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchSmoking Behavior and CessationAir Quality and Health Impacts