Benzylammonium‐Mediated Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Phase Stabilization for Photovoltaics
Anwar Q. Alanazi, Masaud Almalki, Aditya Mishra, Dominik J. Kubicki, Zaiwei Wang, Lena Merten, Felix T. Eickemeyer, Hong Zhang, Dan Ren, A. Alyamani, Hamad Albrithen, Abdulrahman Albadri, Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi, Alexander Hinderhofer, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Frank Schreiber, Anders Hagfeldt, Lyndon Emsley, Jovana V. Milić, Michaël Grätzel
Abstract
Abstract There is an ongoing surge of interest in the use of formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskites in photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, thermodynamic instability of the desired cubic perovskite (α‐FAPbI 3 ) phase at ambient conditions leads to the formation of a yellow non‐perovskite (δ‐FAPbI 3 ) phase that compromises its utility. A stable α‐FAPbI 3 perovskite phase is achieved by employing benzylammonium iodide (BzI) and the microscopic structure is elucidated by using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray scattering measurements. Perovskite solar cells based on the FAPbI 3 (BzI) 0.25 composition achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, which is accompanied by enhanced shelf‐life and operational stability, maintaining 80% of the performance after one year at ambient conditions.