Heterogeneous Supersaturation in Mixed Perovskites
Chih‐Shan Tan, Yi Hou, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Andrew H. Proppe, Yu Huang, Yicheng Zhao, Mingyang Wei, Grant Walters, Ziyun Wang, Yong‐Biao Zhao, Petar Todorović́, Shana O. Kelley, Lih J. Chen, Edward H. Sargent
Abstract
Thin-film solar cells based on hybrid lead halide perovskites have achieved certified power conversion efficiencies exceeding 24%, approaching those of crystalline silicon. This motivates deeper studies of the mechanisms that determine their performance. Twin defect sites have been proposed as a source of traps in perovskites, yet their origin and influence on photovoltaic performance remain unclear. It is found that twin defects-observed herein via both transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction-are correlated with the amount of antisolvent added to the perovskite and that twin defects in the highest-performing perovskite photovoltaics are suppressed. Heterogeneous supersaturation nucleation is discussed as a contributor to efficient perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.