Heterogeneity of human anti-viral immunity shaped by virus, tissue, age, and sex
Maya M.L. Poon, Eve Byington, Wenzhao Meng, Masaru Kubota, Rei Matsumoto, Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Pranay Dogra, Nora Lam, Peter A. Szabo, Basak B. Ural, Steven B. Wells, Aaron M. Rosenfeld, Maigan A. Brusko, Todd M. Brusko, Thomas J. Connors, Alessandro Sette, Peter A. Sims, Eline T. Luning Prak, Yufeng Shen, Donna L. Färber
Abstract
T cells recognizing the ubiquitous pathogens influenza and cytomegalovirus. Our results reveal that virus specificity determines overall magnitude, tissue distribution, differentiation, and clonal repertoire of virus-specific T cells. Age and sex influence T cell differentiation and dissemination in tissues, while T cell tissue residence and functionality are highly correlated with the site. Together, our results demonstrate how the covariates of virus, tissue, age, and sex impact the anti-viral immune response, which is important for targeting, monitoring, and predicting immune responses to existing and emerging viruses.