Safety in biogas plants: An analysis based on international standards and best practices
Hala Hegazy, Noori M. Cata Saady, Sohrab Zendehboudi
Abstract
Biogas plants play a vital role in renewable energy production and organic waste management, yet they present significant hazards, including fire, explosion, and various biological, electrical, and mechanical risks. This article explores these critical safety challenges and addresses the pressing need for improved safety protocols in biogas operations. We conducted a comprehensive analysis based on a meticulous literature review and examined 75 incidents from biogas plants worldwide between 1990 and 2023. We revealed potential hazards at each operational stage by categorizing the biogas components into inputs, processes, and outputs. Using innovative Bowtie and Fishbone analysis diagrams illustrated essential protocols for hazard mitigation and identified the root causes of accidents. The findings highlight five key control outcomes—regulations, technical systems, organizational actions, procedures, and protective equipment—that are essential for enhancing safety measures. Insights from 372 entries underscore the importance of robust regulatory frameworks and compliance with international standards, such as the ATEX directive and ISO standards for occupational health and safety. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the necessity for dynamic training and awareness initiatives to cultivate a proactive safety culture within biogas plants. The biogas plant sector can significantly improve its safety outcomes by empowering personnel to address hazards effectively. By integrating best practices from various international contexts, this article contributes to elevating safety standards and ensuring the biogas industry's long-term viability while fostering public trust.