Role of halotolerant and chitinolytic bacteria in phytoremediation of saline soil using spinach plant
Muhammad Anees, Arshad Qayyum, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman, Muhammad Abid, Muhammad Saqib Malik, Muhammad Yunas, Kalim Ullah
Abstract
Novel technologies are required for rapid reclamation of saline soils. The halotrophic and chitinolytic bacterial strains were used for phytoremediation of saline soils using spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.). The previously isolated chitinolytic bacteria showed high antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria spp. The halotolerant bacterial strains were previously isolated showing a salt tolerance of up to 20% in culture media. Specially designed microcosms were used here to investigate the reclamation of saline soil by bacteria. The soil salinity was reduced by both types of bacteria (from 6.5 to 2 dS/m). A decline in Na contents from 22–24 to 9–12 meq/L and in sodium adsorption ratio from 10–11 to 7–8 was also observed in saline soils. The Ca/Mg contents increased from 24 to 30–33 meq/L. The bioassays were performed to evaluate the effect of the bacteria on the phytoremediation. The shoot, root weights (both fresh (1.927 g, 0.244 g) and dry (0.387 g, 0.104 g)) increased by bacterial inoculation as compared to control in saline soils. The Na/K ratio decreased in plant tissues. Here we report the increased efficacy of phytoremediation by combined inoculation of chitinolytic and halotolerant bacterial strains in soil which has never been reported before.