Stimulants, ecstasy, and other ‘party drugs’
Adam Winstock, Remy Flechais
Abstract
Abstract Stimulant drugs are the most commonly used illicit drug group in the world after cannabinoids. While their shared neurobiology is responsible for inducing the sought-after effects of euphoria and energy, subtle differences in their precise action, potency, and route of use mean their main functions and the risks associated with their use are diverse. Acute intoxication, often in combination with other substances, remains the most common risk that users face. High-risk behaviours associated with intoxication and the development of dependence are seen among a minority and require specialist assessment and treatment. Clinically, psychiatrists are most likely to see those who have developed problems with cocaine and methamphetamine, though some of the new psychostimulants that have appeared in recent years may increasingly provide patients for treatment. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), on the other hand, may, in the lifetime of this edition, move from being seen solely as a recreational drug to one that may have significant therapeutic benefits, for those with post-traumatic stress disorder, for example.