Control of physical and chemical qualities of milk and dairy food products obtained in an ecologically unfavorable zone

Abstract

Heavy metals, which significantly contaminate territory of the Republic of North Ossetia -Alania, Russian Federation, inhibit the effect of many enzymes, their physiological function and metabolism. The research was aimed to study the effectiveness of using preparations enterosorbents Chelaton and Aerosil in lactating cows' diets to enhance ecological and nutritional properties of milk and cheese. Lactating cows in the control group were fed the basic diet (BD). Cows in the 1 st test group were fed BD supplemented with the adsorbent Chelaton at a dose of 2% by weight of the diet dry matter; in the 2 nd test groupadsorbent Aerosil at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. All experimental parameters were processed by mathematical analysis using software "Microsoft Excel". The analysis of the diets composition showed that the zinc content exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by a factor of 2.5-3.6, lead -3.0-4.5 and cadmium -1.9-2.5. Aerosil additives contributed to the increase in cows' milk of the 2 nd test group the fat content by 0.22%, proteinby 0.23%, dry matterby 0.52%, as well as vitamin value of milk, because vitamin C content increased by 33.5% and vitamin A -90%. The positive effect of this preparation was on the milk density as well. It should be noted that the fact of reducing in animals' milk of the 2 nd test group compared to the control zinc concentration by 58.1%; cadmiumby 5.06%, and leadby 54.2%. Suitability of milk of all cow groups for cheese making conformed to the 2 nd type. Milk of animals in the control group was curded for 27.6 min and the least time of curdling was in the 2 nd test group -22.5 min. Samples of cheese from the cows' milk of the 2 nd test group relative to the control were valued 4.7 points higher.

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