Novel Functionalized Cannabinoid Receptor Probes: Development of Exceptionally Potent Agonists
Shan Jiang, Christos Iliopoulos‐Tsoutsouvas, Fei Tong, Christina A. Brust, Catherine M. Keenan, Jimit Girish Raghav, Tian Hua, Simiao Wu, Jo‐Hao Ho, Yiran Wu, Travis W. Grim, Nikolai Zvonok, Ganesh A. Thakur, Zhi‐Jie Liu, Keith A. Sharkey, Laura Bohn, Spyros P. Nikas, Alexandros Makriyannis
Abstract
We report the development of novel cannabinergic probes that can stabilize the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) through tight binding interactions. Ligand design involves the introduction of select groups at a judiciously chosen position within the classical hexahydrocannabinol template (monofunctionalized probes). Such groups include the electrophilic isothiocyanato, the photoactivatable azido, and the polar cyano moieties. These groups can also be combined to produce bifunctionalized probes potentially capable of interacting at two distinct sites within the CBR-binding domains. These novel compounds display remarkably high binding affinities for CBRs and are exceptionally potent agonists. A key ligand (27a, AM11245) exhibits exceptionally high potency in both in vitro and in vivo assays and was designated as “megagonist,” a property attributed to its tight binding profile. By acting both centrally and peripherally, 27a distinguishes itself from our previously reported “megagonist” AM841, whose functions are restricted to the periphery.