Alterations in Pregnenolone and Testosterone Levels in Male Shift Workers
Massimo Bracci, Laura Zingaretti, Margherita Martelli, Raffaella Lazzarini, Gianmaria Salvio, Monica Amati, Marijana Milinkovic, Alfio Ulissi, Anna Medori, Ermanno Vitale, Caterina Ledda, Lory Santarelli
Abstract
Steroid hormone levels are closely related to the endogenous circadian rhythm induced by sleep-wake and dark-light cycles. Shift work that disrupts the circadian rhythm may influence the levels of steroid hormones. The association between shift work and alterations in female sex steroid hormone levels has been studied, but little is known about testosterone and its precursor pregnenolone levels in male shift workers. The present study investigated serum pregnenolone and testosterone levels in a group of shift and daytime male workers. All participants were sampled at the beginning of the morning shift. Lower levels of serum pregnenolone and total testosterone were found in the shift workers compared to the daytime workers. Variations in pregnenolone levels may have consequences for well-being, and they might produce consequences for the levels of hormones downstream of the steroid hormone cascade, such as testosterone. The low levels of testosterone found in shift workers demonstrate the perturbative effect of shift work on testosterone serum levels, which may be independent and/or related to pregnenolone synthesis.